KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND ACCEPTANCE OF COVID-19 VACCINE IN IJAURO YINU WARD, ARDO-KOLA LOCAL GOVERNMENT

KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND ACCEPTANCE OF COVID-19 VACCINE IN IJAURO YINU WARD, ARDO-KOLA LOCAL GOVERNMENT

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

The Covid-19 pandemic, which had a catastrophic effect on a worldwide scale, prompted the necessity for pandemic control techniques that included mitigation strategies. The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the illness known as the Corona virus illness (SARS-CoV-2) (COVID-19). The SARS-CoV-2 virus was discovered for the first time in late 2019 in Wuhan, which is located in Hubei, China. It swiftly became a global concern that affected countries all over the globe. As of the 22nd of December, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused around 76.2 million cases of illness and over 1.6 million deaths throughout the world (Sarah M. 2020). The majority of countries around the school rely on non-pharmaceutical treatments (NPIs) to stop the spread of disease. Some examples of NPIs include enforcing mask policies, maintaining hand cleanliness, maintaining social distance, placing travel restrictions, closing schools, and instituting partial or complete lockdowns. To this point, non-pharmaceutical interventions have been successful in halting the progression of the disease; nonetheless, the most promising technique for controlling the pandemic and presenting hope for reduced mortality and morbidity rates remains within the powers of medical science. Examples of this kind of medical technology include antiviral medications as well as vaccinations. They are efficient, risk-free, and reasonably priced.

A biological preparation known as a vaccine is used to stimulate the body's natural adaptive immune immunity against a particular viral illness. An agent that mimics the appearance of a disease-causing bacteria is often included in vaccinations. This agent is commonly created from weakened or dead forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of the germ's surface proteins. Vaccines are one of the most reliable and cost-effective public health therapies that have ever been devised and are responsible for saving the lives of millions of people annually. In the wake of the decoding of the genomic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 in the early part of the year 2020 and the World Health Organization's (WHO) proclamation of a pandemic in March of the same year, researchers and pharmaceutical companies were in a race against the clock to find vaccines. At least 85 vaccines were in the process of undergoing preclinical development in animals as of October 2020, while 63 vaccines were in the process of undergoing clinical development in humans, with 43 in phase I, 21 in phase II, and 18 in phase III respectively. 6 were authorized for early or restricted use in late September 2020, 2 were approved for full use, and one vaccine was abandoned. Remdesivir was allowed as an emergency usage by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in November 2020 for critically unwell hospitalized COVID-19 patients. On the other hand, the WHO issued a warning against its use on November 22, 2020. Later the same month, Pfizer-(BNT162b2) BioNTech's and Moderna's (mRNA-1273) mRNA vaccines were given the green light for usage on a global scale. (Piltch-Loeb Savoia Goldberg Hughes Verhey & Kayyem 2021).

To maintain herd immunity, prevent outbreaks of vaccine illnesses, and ensure individuals do not hesitate to adopt novel vaccines, public acceptance of vaccination is required to ensure progress on the Covid-19 vaccination. Vaccination is one of the most successful public health interventions and a cornerstone for the prevention of communicable infectious diseases. To vaccinate the majority of the world's population is an enormous task, despite the fact that the development of COVID-19 vaccines has been an extraordinary success. In order to meet this enormous challenge, it will be just as important to earn and keep the public's trust in COVID-19 vaccines and vaccination as it will be for the vaccines themselves to be effective.

On the other hand, given that we live in an age of information in which everyone has access to information and misinformation on the media, several facts and myths about the Covid-19 vaccine have been shared both on the social media and on the traditional media, thus arousing doubts, anxiety, and hesitancy among the general public regarding whether or not they should take the vaccine or not. 

1. 1. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

  In modern times, the promotion of public health is unavoidable in order to raise the percentage of people who get these vaccines. Vaccination acceptance is a continuous necessity of concern to public health promotions, particularly in regards to citizens' willingness, perceptions, and attitudes to receive newly developed vaccines such as the COVID-19 vaccine. This is because vaccination is one of the most effective ways to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Despite the fact that experts feel that the COVID-19 vaccine is necessary to effectively limit the pandemic, public health researchers have shifted their attention to answering the question of how many individuals in their respective nations are ready to receive the COVD-19 vaccination. According to Acerbi (2019), discover the deciding elements throughout the general community that stimulate or hinder the acceptance of vaccination, despite the fact that past experience with the delivery of vaccines had often reported a poor acceptance rate. To provide more support, Adelana (2020) said that bad attitudes and views regarding vaccine reception were predicted as a serious health promotion concern earlier in 2020. This was done to reinforce the previous statement. Previous research on people's preparedness to receive COVID-19 vaccines has identified a number of factors, including their beliefs about the severity of the disease, their studies regarding the safety of the vaccine, their misconceptions about health care, and the recommendations of their physicians (Egbuniwe 2020). Maclean and Dahil (2020) used the health belief model to confirm that the risk perceptions of the disease, the perceptions of the vaccine's safety and efficacy, attitudes and vaccination convenience, and socio-demographic variables are all determinants for accepting a pandemic vaccine. People who are interested in becoming vaccinated may face significant challenges related to issues such as the expense of the procedure, the location of the research and development, and their opinions on the COVID-19 vaccines. These concerns must to be taken into consideration while organizing health initiatives. Following this terrain reveals that there is still a strong need for the use of radio, Nigerian languages, and town criers to ensure that correct information about the COVID-19 vaccination reaches people, regardless of their location or literacy level. Additionally, the message that is broadcast over the radio should be persuasive enough to build trust among people in the direction of vaccination acceptance. In light of this, the premise of this research is to investigate the levels of knowledge, attitude, and acceptability of the covid-19 vaccine among residents of the Jauro Yinu ward in the Ardo-Kola local government.

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